Limited slip differentials use various mechanisms to allow normal differential action when going around turns. When a wheel slips, they allow more torque to be transferred to the non-slipping wheel. There are several types of limited slip differential including speed-sensing, torque-sensing and hybrid (a combination of speed and torque sensing).
(Source: How Stuff Works http://www.howstuffworks.com/)
A link shaft is a shaft with splines at one end and a joint outer race at the other end. It is used in front-wheel drive vehicles with front, transverse-mounted engine and with an intermediate bearing.
A locking differential or locker is a variation on the standard automotive differential. A locking differential provides increased traction compared to a standard, or "open" differential by disallowing wheel speed differentiation between two wheels on the same axle under certain conditions. A locking differential is designed to overcome the chief limitation of a standard open differential by essentially "locking" both wheels on an axle together as if on a common shaft while still allowing them to rotate at different speeds when it is required (such as when negotiating a turn). This forces both wheels to turn in unison, regardless of the traction available to either wheel individually. A locking differential is capability of delivering 100% of available torque to the wheel with the most traction.
(Source: Wikipedia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page)
A longitudinal engine, also sometimes known as a north-south engine, is an internal combustion engine in which the crankshaft is oriented along the long axis of the vehicle, front to back. Most rear wheel drive vehicles use this engine orientation, while most front wheel drive vehicles use a side-to-side transverse arrangement.
(Source: Wikipedia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page)